Umutwe wa mbere ugaragaza inkomoko, impamvu, intego n’imbago by’ubu
bushakashatsi bugamije kwerekana imiterere n’imiyoboro y’ihakana n’ipfobya bya
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bibera mu mahanga, bukaba busesengura ibyabaye mu
myaka iri hagati ya 1994 na 2017. Mu gihe ubushakashatsi bwakorwaga, hari
ibikorwa birimo ihakana n’ipfobya bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bishobora kuba
byarabayeho, ibyo bikaba bitagaragara muri ubu bushakashatsi.
1.1. Inkomoko y’ubushakashatsi
Mu mateka y’isi, habayeho ibikorwa byinshi bibi byibasiye inyokomuntu harimo
Jenoside zabaye mu kinyejana cya 20. Mu ntambara ya 2 y’Isi (1939 – 1945),
Jenoside y’Abayahudi yahitanye ubuzima bw’abantu bagera kuri miliyoni esheshatu
, bicishijwe inzara muri za ghetto (agace babaga baciriwemo bagahabwa akato),
abandi bagafungirwa mu nzu cyangwa imodoka zashyizwemo ibyuka byica, bakicwa
nayo, cyangwa bagatwikwa. Abayahudi bishwe n’Abanazi icyo gihe bangana na 2/3
by’Abahayudi bose bari batuye mu Burayi mu ntambara ya 2 y’Isi.
Mu Rwanda, Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 yatwaye ubuzima bw’Abatutsi
barenga miliyoni mu gihe cy’iminsi 100 gusa. Ni imwe muri Jenoside zabaye mu
kinyejana cya makumyabiri, kandi yemerwa n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (ONU) ku
itariki ya 8 Ugushyingo 1994 mu mwanzuro wa 955 w’Akanama kawo Gashinzwe
Amahoro n’Umutekano4
. Muri uwo mwanzuro kandi hashyizweho n’Urukiko
mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rushinzwe kuburanisha abakoze ibyaha bya Jenoside
mu Rwanda, rushyirwa Arusha muri Tanzaniya.
Leta y’Abatabazi n’ingabo zari iz’u Rwanda, abasivile bamwe hamwe n’imitwe
y’interahamwe bakoze Jenoside bahungiye muri Zayire. Mu gihe FPR/RPFInkotanyi yakurikiranaga abo bicanyi, icyiswe Zone Turquoise (mu zari Perefegitura
ya Cyangugu, Gikongoro na Kibuye) cyabaye umuhora wafashije abicanyi
guhungira muri Zayire nta nkomyi. Bagezeyo, bakomeje imigambi mibi yo
kurimbura Abatutsi, bakomeza kwigisha ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside,
banagerageza kurema imitwe y’iterabwoba ikora ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi, yagiye
ihindura amazina uko ibihe byagiye bisimburana. Izina riheruka mu gihe ubu
bushakashatsi bwakorwaga ni FDLR. Akanama Gashinzwe Amahoro n’Umutekano
k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, mu mwanzuro wako wa 2150, kemeje ko FDLR ifatwa
nk’umwe mu mitwe y’iterabwoba ikorera muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya
Congo, bityo abayobozi bawo bakaba bagomba kurwanywa no gushyikirizwa inkiko
bagahanwa (UN Security Council Resolution 2150, wemejwe mu wa 2014).
Bamwe mu Banyarwanda bagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, bagiye
bahungira mu bihugu binyuranye cyane cyane ibihana imbibi n’u Rwanda. Ku
mugabane w’Afurika, cyane cyane ibihugu bituranye n’u Rwanda ni byo byakiriye
impunzi nyinshi, ari byo Zayire, Burundi na Tanzaniya. Hari n’abahungiye mu bindi
bihugu bya kure nk’Ububiligi n’Ubufaransa ku mugabane w’Uburayi, Canada na
Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika ku mugabane wa Amerika.
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yahagaritswe n’ingabo za FPR/RPF-Inkotanyi mu
kwezi kwa Nyakanga 1994. Guhera icyo gihe u Rwanda rwatangiye urugamba rwo
kwiyubaka, no guhangana n’ingaruka za Jenoside. Ku itariki ya 19 Nyakanga 1994
hagiyeho Guverinoma y’Ubumwe iyoborwa na Perezida Pasteur Bizimungu kugera
mu mwaka wa 2000 (23/3/2000). Guhera mu wa 2000, Igihugu cyayobowe na
Perezida wa Repubulika Paul Kagame kugeza ubu.
Bimwe mu bikorwa binini byagezweho, harimo gushyiraho Komisiyo y’Igihugu
y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge (NURC) yashyizweho mu mwaka wa 1999, Komisiyo
y’Igihugu yo gusezerera no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe abari Abasirikare
(RDRC) yashyizweho mu 1997, Ikigega cya Leta cyo gushyigikira no gutera inkunga
abatishoboye barokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi cyashyizweho mu 1998, Inkiko
Gacaca zashyizweho mu mwaka wa 2001, Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Uburenganzira
bwa Muntu (NCHR) yashyizweho mu 1999; Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya
Jenoside (CNLG) yashyizweho mu 2007, n’andi mavugurura y’inzego za Leta.
Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Inzibacyuho, mu Nteko Rusange yayo yo ku wa 27
Ukuboza 2002, yashyizeho Komisiyo y’igenzura ishinzwe gusuzuma ibibazo
byagaragaye mu ishyaka MDR. Ubuhamya bw’abantu hamwe na raporo z’inzego
z’umutekano byagaragaje ko bamwe mu barwanashyaka ba MDR, bakoresheje
inama hirya no hino mu gihugu, batanga inyigisho z’amacakubiri zijyanye
n’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside. Raporo yagaragaje ko amatwara y’ishyaka MDR
yari abangamiye gahunda za Leta z’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa
ry’Inkiko Gacaca. Hagaragajwe kandi ko iryo shyaka ryari rishingiye ku bwoko
kandi rifite amahame shingiro arimo ivangura no gucamo ibice Abanyarwanda, ari
na byo byabaye impamvu yo guseswa kw’iryo shyaka no kutemererwa gukorera mu
gihugu gishaka ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda. Mu isesengura ry’amakuru kandi,
basanze imikorere y’iryo shyaka yari ifite abafatanyabikorwa b’Abanyarwanda baba
mu bihugu by’amahanga, cyane cyane Repubulika iharanira Demokrasi ya Congo
n’Ububiligi5
Mu mwaka wa 2003, hashyizweho binyuze muri referandumu Itegeko Nshinga rya
Repubulika y’u Rwanda, ryabaye umusingi w’ibikorwa byose byo kubaka igihugu
mu nzego zose. Muri iri Tegeko Nshinga ryavuguruwe mu 2015, Sena ifite
inshingano y’umwihariko yo kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amahame remezo
avugwa mu ngingo ya 10 Igihugu cyiyemeje kugenderaho. Muri yo, harimo
irijyanye no gukumira no guhana icyaha cya jenoside, kurwanya ihakana n’ipfobya
bya jenoside no kurandura burundu ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside n’ibyo
igaragariramo byose.
Mu kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amahamwe remezo, Sena ibikora binyuze
mu bushakashatsi, kugenzura ibikorwa bya Guverinoma, gutanga ibiganiro n’ibindi.
Ni muri urwo rwego hakozwe ubu bushakashatsi.
Mu mwaka wa 2004, Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, Umutwe w’Abadepite, yakoze
ubushakashatsi ku kibazo cy’ubwicanyi bwabereye muri Perefegitura ya Gikongoro,
ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside n’abayihembera mu Rwanda hose.
Muri iyo raporo, ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ubwicanyi bwakorerwaga cyane
cyane abacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 bufitanye isano
n’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside, bwabaye cyane cyane muri perefegitura za
Gikongoro, Cyangugu, Butare, Kigali Ngari, Kibungo na Kibuye. Aho bwabereye
byagaragaye ko byatekerejwe, bigategurwa, hakanateganywa n’uburyo bwo
kubisobanura babihakana. Ahenshi byagiye bikorwa n’udutsiko dushyize hamwe,
bikoranwa ubugome kandi bibanzirizwa n’amagambo akomeretsa y’iterabwoba mu
buryo bwibutsa ubwicanyi bwakozwe muri Jenoside. Ingamba zatanzwe muri iyo
raporo zireba inzego zitandukanye mu gukumira no kurwanya iyo ngengabitekerezo
ya Jenoside (Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, Umutwe w’Abadepite, 2004).
Na none mu mwaka wa 2006, Sena yakoze ubushakashatsi ku ngengabitekerezo ya
Jenoside mu Rwanda, ibyo igaragariramo byose n’ingamba zo kubirwanya. Ubu
bushakashatsi bwagaragaje byinshi kuri Jenoside n’ingengabitekerezo yayo, uburyo
ikwirakwizwa na zimwe mu ngamba zo kuyikumira. Muri zo, harimo kwigisha
amateka y’u Rwanda mu mashuri, kurinda umutekano, kuzamura indangagaciro
z’ubumuntu, gushyiraho politiki yo kwibuka, guhangana n’ingaruka za Jenoside,
cyane cyane hatangwa indishyi ku bakorewe Jenoside n’ibindi (Parlement, Sénat,
2006). Ubu bushakashatsi bwakurikiwe n’ubundi bwakozwe n’Umutwe
w’Abadepite mu mwaka wa 2007 bwakozwe na Komisiyo idasanzwe yashinzwe
gucukumbura ikibazo cy’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside mu bigo by’amashuri
Mu bijyanye n’ubutabera, mu mwaka wa 1996, hinjijwe mu mategeko y’u Rwanda
itegeko n° 08/96 ryo ku wa 30 Kanama 1996 ryerekeye imitunganyirize y’ikurikirana
ry’ibyaha bigize icyaha cy’itsembabwoko n’itsembatsemba cyangwa ibyaha
byibasiye inyokomuntu byakozwe kuva ku itariki ya mbere Ukwakira 1990;
ryakurikiwe n’Itegeko Ngenga n° 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho
igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, cyane cyane mu ngingo zaryo iya 116, iya 117, iya 118,
iya 119 n’iya 135. Mu mwaka wa 2008, hagiyeho Itegeko n° 18/2008 ryo ku wa
23/07/2008 rihana icyaha cy’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside, mu mwaka wa 2013
riravugururwa, hajyaho itegeko N° 84/2013 ryo ku wa 11/09/2013 ryerekeye icyaha
cy’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside n’ibindi byaha bifitanye isano na yo.
Mu bijyanye n’ubumenyi ku bya Jenoside, aho Jenoside yabaye hose, guhakana no
gupfobya ni igice kimwe mu bigize itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo, akaba
ari imwe mu ngaruka zayo ubu u Rwanda ruhanganye na yo.
Nk’uko byagaragaye mu mwaka wa 2014, mu gihe cyo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 20
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ni ho ingengabitekerezo y’ihakana n’ipfobya yakajije
umurego mu Rwanda no mu mahanga. Muri icyo gihe, guhakana no gupfobya
byaranzwe n’ibikorwa byo guharabika ubuyobozi bw’Igihugu. Hamwe na hamwe
hagiye haburizwamo ibikorwa byo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 20 Jenoside yakorewe
Abatutsi, nko mu Bufaransa no mu Bubiligi. Hari n’aho batanze imidari y’ishimwe
ku banditsi n’abandi bantu bahakana bakanapfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi,
ahandi berekana filimi zirimo ihakana n’ipfobya bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi
kuri televiziyo zikorera mu bihugu byabo, n’ibindi.
Ibi byose byatumye Sena ifata icyemezo cyo gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse
kugira ngo igaragaze imiterere y’ihakana n’ipfobya bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi
igihugu gihanganye na byo, imiyoboro bikunze gukorerwamo kandi hanagaragazwe
ingamba zafasha u Rwanda guhangana n’icyo kibazo.
1.2. Impamvu z’ubushakashatsi
Muri iki gihe, Leta y’u Rwanda ihanganye n’ikibazo cy’ihakana n’ipfobya bya
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bibera mu mahanga, nk’imwe mu nzitizi ku bumwe
n’ubwiyunge n’imibereho myiza y’Abanyarwanda Igihugu kimaze kugeraho.
Byongeye kandi ihakana n’ipfobya bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ni imwe mu
ngaruka za Jenoside igihugu gifite kandi kigomba kubonera umuti hakoreshejwe
uburyo bwose. Bumwe muri bwo, ni ukumenya imiterere yabyo, uburyo
byigaragazamo, n’uburyo bwo kubirwanya.
Ibibazo ubushakashatsi bwagendeyeho ni ibi bikurikira :
Ihakana n’ipfobya bya jenoside ni iki? Byigaragaza bite?
Ihakana n’ipfobya bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi byigaragaza bite?
Ni iyihe miyoboro ikoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza ihakana n’ipfobya bya
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi?
Ni izihe ngamba zafasha u Rwanda mu gukumira ihakana n’ipfobya bya
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi?
Gusobanura ihakana n’ipfobya bya jenoside muri rusange byerekanye imiterere
yabyo ku buryo burambuye, bituma hasobanurwa by’umwihariko uko byigaragaza
ku bijyanye na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ku rundi ruhande, isesengura
ry’amakuru kuri buri ngingo, ni ryo ryamurikiye Sena mu kugena ingamba zo
gukumira no kurwanya ingengabitekerezo y’ihakana n’ipfobya bya Jenoside
yakorewe Abatutsi bibera mu mahanga.
1.3. Intego z’ubushakashatsi
Gusobanura ihakana n’ipfobya bya jenoside icyo ari cyo, mu rwego
rw’ubuhanga no mu rwego rw’amategeko;
Kugaragaza imiterere y’ihakana n’ipfobya bya Jenoside yakorewe
Abatutsi;
Kwerekana no gusesengura uburyo bukoreshwa mu ikwirakwizwa
ry’ihakana n’ipfobya bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu bihugu
by’amahanga;
Kugaragaza ingamba n’uburyo zakoreshwa kugira ngo u Rwanda
ruhangane n’icyo kibazo.
1.4. Imbago z’ubushakashatsi
Kwandika ku mateka y’u Rwanda muri rusange no kwandika ku mateka ya Jenoside
cyangwa se ku ngengabitekerezo ya jenoside yo guhakana no gupfobya jenoside
biragoye, kuko abanditsi ba mbere b’Abamisiyoneri n’Abakoloni batandukanye
bagiye bagoreka amateka. Hari n’abandi bakomereje muri uwo murongo mu
kwandika amateka atandukanya Abanyarwanda yagejeje u Rwanda kuri Jenoside
yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994. Abanditsi batandukanye bagiye bandika ayo
mateka bavuguruzanya bishingiye ku ngengabitekerezo ya gikoloni. Kubera izo
mpamvu, ubundi bushakashatsi bwose bwandikwa nyuma bugorwa no guhitamo
inyandiko zakoreshwa.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwibanze ku miterere y’ihakana n’ipfobya bya Jenoside
yakorewe Abatutsi bibera mu mahanga. Nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ubushakashatsi
bw’impuguke zanditse ibitabo binyuranye nka Totten & Parsons, 2009, Bruneteau,
2004; Kotek & Rigoulot, 2000; Ternon, 1995, ihakana n’ipfobya bya Jenoside
bitangirana n’itegurwa rya jenoside ubwayo, bigakomeza mu gihe cya jenoside
ndetse na nyuma yayo.
Kwemeza imbago z’igihe ubushakashatsi burangirira byaragoranye kuko ikibazo
cyizweho cyo kidahagarara. Ariko isesengura ry’ubu bushakashatsi ryibanda ku gihe
gitangira mu mwaka wa 1994 kikageza mu wa 2017. Ubundi bushakashatsi
buzakomeza kureba ibigenda byandikwa cyangwa bivugwa bigaragaramo ihakana
n’ipfobya bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Isesengura kandi ryashingiye ku bikorwa byabereye mu bihugu by’amahanga hamwe
n’inyandiko zimwe na zimwe zatangajwe zigaragaramo ihakana n’ipfobya bikorwa
n’abanditsi ubwabo. Ubu bushakashatsi bushingiye ku isesengura ry’ibitekerezo
n’inyandiko ku bumenyi mu bya Jenoside.
Ubushakashatsi bwahuye kandi n’inzitizi ijyanye n’icyizere gihabwa ibyandikwa ku
mbuga nkoranyambaga (crédibilité de sources/Credibility of sources). Akenshi biba
bidakubiye mu bitabo byemewe mu rwego mpuzamahanga, kubishingiraho no
kubona “references” zabyo biragoye. Igihe ubu bushakashatsi bushyiriwe
ahagaragara usanga rimwe na rimwe inyandiko zashingiweho zaravanywe ku mbuga
cyangwa uwazanditse yarahinduye imyumvire n’umwanya yarimo igihe
yabyandikaga. Ariko ahanini, muri ubu bushakashatsi hakoreshejwe ibitabo
n’inyandiko zemewe mu rwego rw’ubuhanga zigaragaramo ihakana n’ipfobya bya
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Mu guhitamo amagambo n’ibisobanuro byayo, kenshi icyagoranye ni uguhitamo
abanditsi n’uburyo bayasobanura kandi barayakoresheje mu buryo rusange cyangwa
basobanura ubwicanyi na Jenoside byagiye biba ahantu hatandukanye, bityo
bikagorana kubihuza na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Ikindi cyagoranye muri ubu bushakashatsi ni ugutandukanya ibitekerezo by’abantu
ku giti cyabo n’ibigo bitandukanye bakoreramo, cyangwa se gutandukanya
ibitekerezo by’umuntu ku giti cye n’imikorere n’imyumvire y’inzego za Leta
cyangwa akorera imiryango n’amashyirahamwe bitari ibya Leta.
Indi ngorane ni ukuvuga ku ngengabitekerezo yo guhakana no gupfobya bigaragara
mu bitekerezo by’abantu bari mu nzego za Leta kandi izo Leta zikorana n’u Rwanda
mu rwego rwa dipolomasi, hirindwa guhutaza umubano mwiza ibyo bihugu bifitanye
n’u Rwanda.
1.5. Uburyo bwakoreshejwe
Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gukora ubushakashatsi harimo isesenguranyandiko,
kugirana ikiganiro n’abantu banyuranye, gukoresha ibibazo (Questionnaires) no
kujya aho ibikorwa bibera. Sena yahisemo uburyo bw’isesenguranyandiko. Ubundi
bushakashatsi bushobora kuzakoresha uburyo bwo gusura aho ibikorwa by’ihakana
n’ipfobya bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 bibera mu mahanga ndetse no
kwifashisha ambasade z’u Rwanda.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwakozwe bushingiye cyane cyane ku nyandiko zitandukanye
zerekanywe zikanasesengurwa hakurikijwe uwazanditse uwo ari we n’umurongo
w’ibitekerezo (thematic analysis/Analyse thématique). Hasesenguwe kandi ibiganiro
bitandukanye byanyuze mu miyoboro itandukanye y’itangazamakuru n’itumanaho.
Ibyo byakozwe ahanini bishingiye ku magambo y’ingenzi akubiye mu bushakashatsi
ndetse n’ibitekerezo ngenga (theories/théories) bijyanye n’ayo magambo. Muri ubu
bushakashatsi, hasobanuwe inyito zifashishijwe cyane cyane izo ubushakashatsi
bwubakiyeho. Iz’ingenzi zasobanuwe ni Jenoside, icyaha cya Jenoside, ihakana
n’ipfobya bya Jenoside, ingengabitekerezo y’ihakana n’ipfobya, uburyo bwo
guhakana no gupfobya Jenoside.
Ubu bushakashatsi bushingiye ku isesenguranyandiko (literature review/ analyse
documentaire). Nyuma y’ibisobanuro by’amagambo yakoreshejwe n’inzobere mu
byo kurwanya Jenoside, no guhitamo ibitekerezo ngenga byubakiweho ubu
bushakashatsi, hifashishijwe uburyo bw’isesengura ryimbitse buzwi mu magambo
y’Icyongereza nka “content analysis”. Guhera mu mwaka wa 2000
isesenguranyandiko mu bushakashatsi ryafashe impu ebyiri. Rifatwa nka bumwe mu
buryo butanga amakuru (source of information) kandi rikaba n’inzira cyangwa
uburyo bwo gusesengura (approach) ugendeye ku nsanganyamatsiko zikubiye mu
makuru y’ubushakashatsi. Isesengura nk’iri rikoreshwa cyane, iyo ubushakashatsi
bugamije kwerekana no gusobanura imiterere y’ikintu runaka.
Ubu bushakashatsi bushingiye ku isesenguranyandiko rifite imirongo ngenderwaho
yo mu bumenyi bujyanye na Jenoside, ingengabitekerezo yayo n’ihakana n’ipfobya
byayo bikorerwa mu mahanga. Kugira ngo bigerweho, hasesenguwe amakuru yo mu
bitabo n’izindi nyandiko cyangwa amakuru n’ibiganiro byumvikaniye kuri radiyo na
televiziyo byo mu mahanga (Hsieh & Shannon, 2005). Na none uhereye ku
bisobanuro by’inzobere Mayring, muri ubu buryo bwo gukora ubushakashatsi, ukora
ubushakashatsi asesengura inyandiko, asobanura neza akanategura amabwiriza
akurikizwa kugera isesengura rirangiye (Mayring, 2000). Zimwe muri izo nyandiko
ni ibitabo by’abashakashatsi, inyandiko zinyuranye, raporo z’inama, amatangazo,
ibinyamakuru, ibiganiro mbwirwaruhame. Hasesenguwe kandi ibikorwa bimwe
bibera mu mahanga bijyanye no kubangamira kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi
mu bihugu byo hanze.
Ibindi byifashishijwe mu isesengura, ni amategeko mpuzamahanga hamwe n’ay’u
Rwanda ahana icyaha cya Jenoside, ihakana n’ipfobya byayo, imyanzuro
y’Akanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Gashinzwe Amahoro n’Umutekano ku
bijyanye no guhana no gukumira icyaha cya Jenoside n’ibindi byaha byibasira
inyokomuntu, amasezerano y’imiryango mpuzamahanga n’ay’Urukiko
Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda. Ubushakashatsi kandi
bwifashishije amategeko yo mu bindi bihugu6
cyane cyane ibyo mu Burayi ahana
ihakana n’ipfobya bya Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi, n’imanza zabaye mu bihugu
by’i Burayi ku ihakana n’ipfobya by’iyo Jenoside.
Muri make, ibitekerezo ngenga bitandukanye byagiye bishingirwaho mu
gusesengura ihakana n’ipfobya bya Jenoside byagaragajwe muri uyu mutwe wa
kabiri, ni nabyo byashingiweho ahanini mu kugaragaza by’umwihariko imiterere
y’ihakana n’ipfobya bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, nk’uko bisobanurwa mu buryo
burambuye mu mutwe wa gatatu.
Byiza cyane ,banyarwanda twimakaze kubaho kandi neza,twirinde ibidusubiza inyuma ,FPR nubuzima iteka rwose, mfata nkufate nundekura Umbazwe, twirinde gupfobya genocide yakorewe abatutsi.